Sesamoiditis causes pain at the ball of the foot, beneath the big toe joint. Sesamoid bones are embedded in a tendon, much like the kneecap, acting to increase the leverage of the tendons that control the big toe. Due to their location and function, sesamoid bones are subjected to massive pressure and forces every time the big toe is used to push the foot forward.
Hallux valgus or a bunion is a condition whereby the big toe becomes crooked. Hallux is the Latin word for the big toeand valgus means 'turned outwards'. So, the big toe is turned outwards, often creating a lump on the inside of the foot. The other, small toes can be compressed, so that these toes can also assume a different position. A hallux valgus can cause stabbing pain in the big toe joint or bursitis. The hallux valgus mainly occurs in women but can also occur in men.
A hollow foot (pes cavus) is a condition in which the foot arch is particularly high or “hollow”. Hollow foot is a relatively rare disorder that hits people of every age. Foot pain in people with pes cavus may result from abnormal plantar pressure loading because, structurally, the cavoid foot is regarded as being rigid and non-shock absorbent and having reduced ground contact area.
Splayfoot is the term used to denote the spreading of the metatarsal bones. Over time, the sinking of the transverse foot arch leads to foot complaints with widening of the forefoot. Load-dependent pain is the main symptom. This occurs primarily while walking and standing and decreases at rest. Because of the spreading, it is often seen that this foot type tends to have lower arches during gait.
Flat feet (also called pes planus or fallen arches) is a postural deformity in which the arches of the foot collapse, with the entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground. Flat feet can still be quite flexible. When you stand on your toes and your arches pop back up, you probably suffer from hypermobility the foot. A flat foot is a very common foot type, and it may very well be that you’ll never have issues with your feet, but flat feet are an indicator often seen with feet, knee and hip related complaints.
