Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS), is a compression neuropathy and painful foot condition in which the tibial nerve is compressed as it travels through the tarsal tunnel. This tunnel is found along the inner leg behind the medial malleolus (bump on the inside of the ankle). Patients with TTS typically complain of numbness in the foot radiating to the big toeand the first three toes, pain, burning, electrical sensations, and tingling over the base of the foot and the heel.
Also known as twisted ankle or inversion trauma and occurs when the foot turns out to an abnormal degree relative to the ankle. An ankle sprain is a common injury. Lateral ligament injuries, the outer side of the ankle, represent approximately 85% of all ankle sprains. Ankle sprains are most common in people who participate in sports. Especially sports with a lot of twists, turns or running. For example, soccer, basketball or floorball, but also with high drops e.g. volleyball or uneven underground e.g. running. Poor rehabilitation after an initial sprain increases the chances of this injury recurring.
Achilles tendon bursitis or retrocalcaneal bursitis is a condition that commonly occurs in athletes. It is a painful condition caused by swelling of bursa, a fluid-filled sac which is located at the back of the heel under the Achilles tendon. This retrocalcaneal bursa contains a lubricating fluid that acts as a cushion to reduce friction between muscle and bones. Achilles tendon is the large tendon that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone and is used when you walk, run, and jump. When the Achilles tendon bursa is inflamed, it is often thickened and painful. The sore is warm and sometimes red.
Tendinopathy is a degeneration of the collagen protein that forms the tendon and occurs when a tendon is unable to adapt to the strain being placed upon it. This leads to repeated small amounts of damage within the tendon fibres, and results in the tendon trying to heal itself in response to the strain. Morning stiffness, tenderness of the Achilles tendon and pain at the start or after exercise are common traits of this condition.
Haglund's deformity is an abnormality of the bone and soft tissues in the foot. An enlargement of the bony section of the heel (where the Achilles tendon is inserted) triggers this condition. A Haglund exostosis does not necessarily cause complaints. Pain complaints often arise from the wrong shoes. The soft tissue near the back of the heel can become irritated when the large, bony lump rubs against rigid shoes.
Sever's disease (also known as calcaneal apophysitis) is a type of bone injury in which the growth plate in the lower back of the heel, where the Achilles tendon (the heel cord that attaches to the growth plate) attaches, becomes inflamed and causes pain. Sever’s disease is the most common cause of heel pain in children, especially those who exercise or play sports on a regular basis. Sever’s disease is most likely to occur during the growth spurt that occurs in adolescence. For girls, growth spurts usually occur between 8 and 13 years of age. For boys, it’s typically between 10 and 15 years of age.
